NOTE(6) PARTS OF SPEECH

1. NOUN

• Words used as the names of persons/ things/ places.
• Note: The word thing includes all objects which we can SEE, HEAR, TASTE, TOUCH or SMELL. 
• 4 types of nouns:
• Common Nouns 
• Ex: wallet, ball, table, chair, book, college, glass, girl, etc. 
• Proper Nouns
• Ex: Haikal, Britney, Klang, Astro, Petronas, Nokia, Gucci, etc.   
• Collective Nouns
• Ex: a school of fish, a herd of cows, a box of chocolates, a team of players etc.
• Abstract Nouns
• Ex: sad, plagiarism, cooperation, honesty etc.

2. PRONOUN

• Defined as a word which can be used instead of a noun.
• We use pronouns very often, especially so that we do not have to keep on repeating a noun.
• Words that take the place of nouns.
• 3 levels:-
• 1^st person (I, We)
• 2^nd person (You)
• 3^rd person (He, She, It)
• Ex: Johan is a boy. He studies in our school.

Singular

Plural

3. ADJECTIVE

• A word that describes or tells us more about a noun.
• Gives some idea of what the noun is like.
• Adjectives are said to qualify nouns.
• Ex: Shana is a clever girl.
• Manchester United displayed great team spirit. 

4. VERB

• Occur at the center of the predicate.
• The main part of a sentence.
• May denote actions or states of being.
• A verb is a doing word.
• ex:  We saw the cricket match.
• She runs as fast as Usain Bolt.

5. ADVERB

• Provides information about the verb/adjective or another adverb.
• Most adverbs end in ‘-ly’ but not all.
• Generally there are 5 types:-
• Adverb of Manner
• These adverbs tell us how something is done.
• ex: a) He worked systematically.
• b) He plays tennis well. 
• Adverb of Place
• These adverbs tell us where the action takes place.
• ex: a) The manager is there.
• b) He is going abroad this year.
• Adverb of Time
• These adverbs tell us when the action takes place.
• ex: a) He will be arriving tomorrow.
• b) Negotiations have now begun.
• Adverb of Degree
• These adverbs tell us the degree to which the action takes place.
• ex: a) I quite like her.
• b) It is a very hot day.
• Adverb Expressing Emphasis
• These adverbs emphasizes the action taking place.
• ex: a) The train is certainly going to be late.
• b) You are absolutely right about this.

6. PREPOSITION

• Express a relation between 2 entities; the prepositional complement and another part of the sentence.
• “Pre-position” = placed before.
• Used to indicate position, time, duration, location, etc.
• Usually placed before a noun.
• ex: a) The books are on the table.
• b) The couple rested under the tree.

7. CONJUNCTION

• They are joining words.
• They may link words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
• Join two ideas.
• ex: a) I like to read books and magazines.
• b) He is my friend but your enemy.  

8. INTERJECTION

• A word which expresses sudden feelings of joy, sorrow or surprise.
•  Expressions which deal with emotions.
• ex: a) Hooray! We won the match.
• b) Alas! Her only son is dead.